411,767 people (2024 Census estimate, +2.7% since 2020)
812 square miles of land · 507 people per square mile
“Highest” and “lowest” are just order, not grades: a high rank for poverty or hazard losses means more of it. Each figure's source is in its section below.
138 active community water systems list Orange County in the area they serve, reporting 340,749 people served in all (a system that crosses county lines counts its whole population).
| KIRYAS JOEL groundwater · local government · NY3503627 | 51,623 served |
| MIDDLETOWN CITY surface water · local government · NY3503534 | 30,000 served |
| NEWBURGH CITY surface water · local government · NY3503549 | 29,000 served |
| NEW WINDSOR CONSOLIDATED WD buys surface water · local government · NY3503580 | 25,667 served |
| NEWBURGH CONSOLIDATED WD surface water · local government · NY3503578 | 22,282 served |
| WALLKILL CONSOLIDATED WD groundwater (surface-influenced) · local government · NY3503584 | 18,450 served |
| MONROE VILLAGE surface water · local government · NY3503535 | 12,000 served |
| WOODBURY CONS. W.D. groundwater · local government · NY3503573 | 10,845 served |
Source: U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), active community systems, . Look up any system's violations and test results with EPA's search using its ID.
About 378 people were held in Orange County's jail, in Vera's latest figure (2026). In 2021 it was about 419.
Source: Vera Institute of Justice, Incarceration Trends (built from federal Bureau of Justice Statistics jail surveys). Counties without their own jail, or that share one, may show no figure.
16 school districts have their office in Orange County. School taxes are usually the largest part of a property tax bill.
Spent $353.8 million — $325 million to run schools, about $29,039 per student, plus $12.1 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $122.1 million local (mostly property tax), $204.4 million state, $39.3 million federal. Long-term debt: $50.6 million.
Spent $256.9 million — $220.7 million to run schools, about $29,311 per student, plus $11 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $77 million local (mostly property tax), $156.6 million state, $18.4 million federal. Long-term debt: $89.8 million.
Spent $204.3 million — $198.3 million to run schools, about $29,776 per student, plus $2.3 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $131 million local (mostly property tax), $79.9 million state, $10.5 million federal. Long-term debt: $17.2 million.
Spent $147.5 million — $130.3 million to run schools, about $26,745 per student, plus $14.9 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $60.6 million local (mostly property tax), $68.7 million state, $15.3 million federal. Long-term debt: $18.3 million.
Spent $139.6 million — $114.7 million to run schools, about $27,234 per student, plus $7.5 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $69.6 million local (mostly property tax), $50.1 million state, $7.3 million federal. Long-term debt: $19.4 million.
Spent $114.4 million — $103.7 million to run schools, about $26,110 per student, plus $4.1 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $62.6 million local (mostly property tax), $50.2 million state, $6.9 million federal. Long-term debt: $56.5 million.
Spent $117 million — $98.3 million to run schools, about $25,616 per student, plus $8.2 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $67.9 million local (mostly property tax), $36.2 million state, $5.7 million federal. Long-term debt: $22.7 million.
Spent $108.7 million — $95.3 million to run schools, about $26,454 per student, plus $6 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $54.6 million local (mostly property tax), $50.6 million state, $5.2 million federal. Long-term debt: $58.9 million.
And 8 more.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 Annual Survey of School System Finances. Districts are listed by the county of their main office; some serve neighboring counties too.
Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps 2025 (University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute), which gathers federal data (CDC, Census, and others); measures cover different recent years. Blank lines aren't reported for small counties.
Overall risk: Relatively Moderate compared with other U.S. counties. FEMA estimates natural hazards cost Orange County about $98.7 million a year on average in buildings, crops and lives. Ability to bounce back (community resilience): Relatively High; social vulnerability: Relatively Low.
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (December 2025), expected annual loss. Ratings compare counties nationwide; they're estimates, not predictions.
473 bridges in Orange County: 115 in good condition, 283 fair, and 75 poor (15.9%). “Poor” means a main part — the deck, the beams, or the supports — is rated 4 or lower on the federal 0–9 scale. It doesn't mean unsafe to drive; unsafe bridges are closed.
| RTE I87 over RTE 32 · built 1954 | 43,981 vehicles a day |
| RTE 17 over RTE 17K · built 1958 | 34,831 vehicles a day |
| RTE I84 over Middletown & NJ Railroad · built 1968 | 23,986 vehicles a day |
| RTE I84 over Middletown & NJ Railroad · built 1968 | 23,437 vehicles a day |
| RTE I84 over MNRR PJ LINE · built 1969 | 21,713 vehicles a day |
| RTE I84 over MIDDLETOWN & NJ RR · built 1969 | 21,713 vehicles a day |
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Bridge Inventory (2025 submission). Includes state, county and city bridges.
Federal grants paid for $160.8 million of work in Orange County in fiscal 2025, about $401 per resident — to the county, cities, schools, hospitals, nonprofits and others.
Source: USAspending.gov, grants by place of performance, fiscal 2025 (Oct. 2024 to Sept. 2025). Search it by county to see each award.
From Grants.gov: posted grants listing county governments as eligible, soonest deadline first; research-only and overseas programs left out; list updated 2026-10-13, refreshed weekly. 62 are open in all. Cities, towns, school districts and nonprofits have their own lists there.
Registration deadlines, early voting and polling places for New York are on the federal site vote.gov, which links to the state's official election office.
The budget, property tax rates, audits, local officials and offices for Orange County come from the county's own records, which we haven't gathered — not gathered, never hidden. See what a full county site looks like, or ask to have Orange County built: brayden.ozark@gmail.com.
More of New York: the state government and every county in New York.
Nearby counties: Rockland County (22 mi) · Passaic County, NJ (25 mi) · Sussex County, NJ (27 mi) · Putnam County (29 mi) · Sullivan County (33 mi) · Bergen County, NJ (33 mi).