County Commons · Montana
Montana: state government and every county
The state's own money — what it collects and what it spends on — its official offices, how to vote, and a page for each of its 56 counties. Every number from official public records, with sources.
1,137,233 people (2024 Census estimate, +4.6% since 2020) · 56 counties
The state's money — Montana state government, fiscal 2023
The state government took in $10.7 billion and spent $8.8 billion · $7,714 per resident. It owed $3 billion in debt at year's end.
Of every $100 it spends
Public welfare$35.04 · $3 billion
Education$26.91 · $2.3 billion
Highways$10.63 · $917.7 million
Governmental administration$6.71 · $579.5 million
Other and unallocable$6.59 · $568.7 million
Natural resources$3.96 · $341.8 million
Correction$3.02 · $260.5 million
Health$2.93 · $252.9 million
Interest on general debt$1.56 · $135.1 million
Hospitals$1.28 · $110.2 million
Police protection$0.91 · $78.4 million
Parks and recreation$0.47 · $40.1 million
✓ These 12 functions add to the state's general expenditure, $8.6 billion, exactly. “Public welfare” is mostly Medicaid. Money the state passes to counties, cities and school districts is counted in the function it pays for.
Where its money comes from
Taxes$4.7 billion
Individual income tax$2.3 billion
Selective sales taxes (fuel, tobacco, alcohol and others)$923.8 million
License taxes (vehicles, businesses, hunting and others)$513.6 million
Property tax (state share)$388.9 million
Corporate income tax$307.9 million
Other taxes (severance, transfer and others)$289 million
From other governments (mostly federal aid)$4.7 billion
Charges and fees (tuition, tolls, hospital charges)$614 million
Other general revenue (interest, rents, settlements)$506.4 million
Pension and insurance trust earnings and contributions$998.5 million
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 Annual Survey of State Government Finances (State Totals), last revised Sept. 16, 2025. These are the state government's own books — counties, cities and school districts are separate.