399,542 people (2024 Census estimate, +2.2% since 2020)
467 square miles of land · 856 people per square mile
“Highest” and “lowest” are just order, not grades: a high rank for poverty or hazard losses means more of it. Each figure's source is in its section below.
12 active community water systems list Butler County in the area they serve, reporting 376,350 people served in all (a system that crosses county lines counts its whole population).
| BUTLER CO. WATER DISTRICT 2 PWS buys surface water · local government · OH0900303 | 116,572 served |
| HAMILTON PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM groundwater · local government · OH0904012 | 62,447 served |
| MIDDLETOWN CITY PWS groundwater · local government · OH0901712 | 51,229 served |
| FAIRFIELD CITY PWS groundwater · local government · OH0900715 | 44,907 served |
| SOUTHWEST REGIONAL WATER DISTRICT groundwater · public/private · OH0903912 | 42,856 served |
| OXFORD CITY PWS groundwater · local government · OH0902312 | 24,000 served |
| MONROE CITY PWS buys surface water · local government · OH0902012 | 15,600 served |
| TRENTON CITY PWS groundwater · local government · OH0903012 | 13,012 served |
Source: U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS), active community systems, . Look up any system's violations and test results with EPA's search using its ID.
About 807 people were held in Butler County's jail, in Vera's latest figure (2024), or 317 per 100,000 residents ages 15–64. In 2019 it was about 1,106.
Source: Vera Institute of Justice, Incarceration Trends (built from federal Bureau of Justice Statistics jail surveys). Counties without their own jail, or that share one, may show no figure.
11 school districts have their office in Butler County. School taxes are usually the largest part of a property tax bill.
Spent $225.9 million — $213.6 million to run schools, about $12,053 per student, plus $7.3 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $142.4 million local (mostly property tax), $63.8 million state, $21.4 million federal. Long-term debt: $94.2 million.
Spent $130.1 million — $119.5 million to run schools, about $12,387 per student, plus $4 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $64.4 million local (mostly property tax), $42.7 million state, $14.1 million federal. Long-term debt: $59.2 million.
Spent $141.4 million — $130.4 million to run schools, about $13,968 per student, plus $4.4 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $35.1 million local (mostly property tax), $85.5 million state, $35.8 million federal. Long-term debt: $51 million.
Spent $98.4 million — $89.1 million to run schools, about $14,554 per student, plus $1.7 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $40.5 million local (mostly property tax), $46.3 million state, $22.5 million federal. Long-term debt: $91.7 million.
Spent $47.3 million — $43.7 million to run schools, about $11,942 per student, plus $2.2 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $21.4 million local (mostly property tax), $21.9 million state, $5.3 million federal. Long-term debt: $24.2 million.
Spent $47.2 million — $41 million to run schools, about $13,661 per student, plus $4.8 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $34.8 million local (mostly property tax), $11.3 million state, $3.8 million federal. Long-term debt: $29.8 million.
Spent $34.7 million — $32.6 million to run schools, about $11,415 per student, plus $1.5 million on buildings and equipment. Money in: $20.9 million local (mostly property tax), $12.9 million state, $2.2 million federal. Long-term debt: $11.1 million.
Spent $34.4 million — $32.8 million to run schools, about $11,538 per student, plus $329,000 on buildings and equipment. Money in: $24.9 million local (mostly property tax), $12.4 million state, $2.8 million federal. Long-term debt: $20 million.
And 3 more.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 Annual Survey of School System Finances. Districts are listed by the county of their main office; some serve neighboring counties too.
Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps 2025 (University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute), which gathers federal data (CDC, Census, and others); measures cover different recent years. Blank lines aren't reported for small counties.
Overall risk: Relatively Moderate compared with other U.S. counties. FEMA estimates natural hazards cost Butler County about $119.7 million a year on average in buildings, crops and lives. Ability to bounce back (community resilience): Relatively High; social vulnerability: Relatively Low.
Source: FEMA National Risk Index (December 2025), expected annual loss. Ratings compare counties nationwide; they're estimates, not predictions.
377 bridges in Butler County: 237 in good condition, 125 fair, and 15 poor (4.0%). “Poor” means a main part — the deck, the beams, or the supports — is rated 4 or lower on the federal 0–9 scale. It doesn't mean unsafe to drive; unsafe bridges are closed.
| BILSTEIN BOULIVARD over CSX RAILROAD · built 1964 | 18,344 vehicles a day |
| SR 4 over SHAFFER CREEK · built 1957 | 18,062 vehicles a day |
| HAMILTON MASON over MILL CREEK · built 1932 | 7,397 vehicles a day |
| KYLES STATION RD over GREGORY CREEK · built 1969 | 3,570 vehicles a day |
| YANKEE RD over COLD WATER CREEK · built 1988 | 2,350 vehicles a day |
| HANKINS RD over Norfolk Southn RR · built 1977 | 2,210 vehicles a day |
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Bridge Inventory (2025 submission). Includes state, county and city bridges.
Federal grants paid for $556.5 million of work in Butler County in fiscal 2025, about $1,426 per resident — to the county, cities, schools, hospitals, nonprofits and others.
Source: USAspending.gov, grants by place of performance, fiscal 2025 (Oct. 2024 to Sept. 2025). Search it by county to see each award.
From Grants.gov: posted grants listing county governments as eligible, soonest deadline first; research-only and overseas programs left out; list updated 2026-10-13, refreshed weekly. 62 are open in all. Cities, towns, school districts and nonprofits have their own lists there.
Registration deadlines, early voting and polling places for Ohio are on the federal site vote.gov, which links to the state's official election office.
The budget, property tax rates, audits, local officials and offices for Butler County come from the county's own records, which we haven't gathered — not gathered, never hidden. See what a full county site looks like, or ask to have Butler County built: brayden.ozark@gmail.com.
More of Ohio: the state government and every county in Ohio.
Nearby counties: Hamilton County (17 mi) · Preble County (21 mi) · Warren County (21 mi) · Union County, IN (23 mi) · Montgomery County (26 mi) · Franklin County, IN (27 mi).